De causa Dei: Book II, Chapter 24 Thomas Bradwardine, De causa Dei contra Pelagium (1344). English translation: Wroot Press, CC BY-NC 4.0; machine-learning use permitted with attribution (https://bradwardine.wrootpress.com/rights/). Source: Henry Savile's edition, London 1618, 563A–563C; Latin from EEBO-TCP A16626 (public domain). Canonical: https://bradwardine.wrootpress.com/2/24/ Status: draft translation, not yet reviewed. [563A–563B] CHAPTER XXIV. He corrects the third. [n1] [563B–563C] The third foolishness in the premises can be refuted in the same way as the others. [n2] Again: if a created will cannot subsist through itself, but necessarily needs God to keep it in being, much less can its act subsist through itself, or through the created will alone. The act necessarily needs divine conservation, and therefore all the more divine co-production, or co-action. [n3] For if a created will cannot, without God, keep in being its act once that act has been produced, which is the lesser thing, neither can it, without him, produce any act into being, which is the greater, as has often been argued. The reasoning brought forward above in support of this opinion proves only that God is said in a certain way to effect the act of the created will, in a transferred sense, [n4] because he conserves the created will. It does not prove that he does not also effect, in the proper sense, every such act. NOTES 1. The "third" is the third of the foolish premises (fatuitates praemissarum) of the opinion under attack. Chapter 25 begins on the same page with the correction of the fourth (quarta falsigraphia). The argument heading is Savile's own. 2. Similiter vt praemissae: "in the same way as the preceding ones." Bradwardine refers to the refutations of the first two foolishnesses in the preceding chapters. 3. Comproductio seu coactio: God's concurrent producing, or acting together with the creature. This is Bradwardine's usual language for divine co-operation in the act of will. The Latin coactio is not "coercion" here, and I take it as "co-action". 4. Transumptiue: by transference, that is, in a figurative or derived sense. It is opposed to proprie, "in the proper sense", in the last clause.